RetinaDigest

Ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography reveals peripheral retinal abnormalities are significantly more common in eyes with idiopathic epiretinal membrane compared to fellow unaffected eyes, with severity correlating with disease stage.

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in ICL patients can be successfully managed with standard vitreoretinal surgery without requiring ICL removal, achieving 93% final anatomical success rate.

In chandelier-assisted scleral buckling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, both cryotherapy and illuminated endolaser retinopexy achieved similar anatomical success rates and visual outcomes, but endolaser resulted in significantly lower rates of cystoid macular edema (3.1% vs 19.3%).

Retinal detachment occurs in 42% of eyes with presumed trematode-induced granulomatous intermediate uveitis, with tractional detachment being most common (85%) and early surgical intervention achieving 80% anatomical success rates.

Large-sized human amniotic membrane (hAM) patch-assisted vitrectomy shows promise for managing complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with severe PVR, with maintaining a hAM-retina gap being crucial to prevent traction when complete coverage isn't feasible.

Among 1,480 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, 12.5% developed fellow-eye involvement, with axial length being the strongest predictor (17% increased odds per millimeter increase).

External drainage of subretinal fluid during scleral buckle surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment does not improve anatomical success rates or visual outcomes compared to non-drainage techniques.

This pilot study using AO-SLO and SS-OCT identified distinct structural and vascular patterns in patients developing microcystoid macular edema after epiretinal membrane surgery, suggesting different biological injury and recovery patterns.

PVR develops rapidly after Zone III open-globe injuries, with proliferative activity beginning within 7-14 days and significant retinal disorganization occurring after two weeks, suggesting early intervention may preserve retinal integrity.

A retrospective cohort study of 5,772 patients found that systemic tetracycline administration was associated with significantly reduced risk of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and related complications following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

In patients with retinal arterial macroaneurysm rupture and sub-ILM hemorrhage, the absence of a fluid level (niveau) in the hemorrhage strongly predicts macular hole development, occurring in 35.9% of cases.

The reengineered 27-gauge TDC Veloce vitrectome probe operating at 20,000 CPM demonstrated 31-69% higher aspiration flow rates and significantly reduced core vitrectomy time by 39 seconds compared to standard 27-gauge probes at 16,000 CPM.

Systematic review of 770 eyes shows 88% anatomical success rate for ARN-related RRD repair, with combined PPV + scleral buckle achieving superior outcomes (91% anatomical success, 0.87 logMAR final VA) compared to other techniques.

This large retrospective cohort study demonstrates that diabetic retinopathy severity correlates with increased dementia risk, with proliferative DR patients showing the highest risk for all-cause dementia and vascular dementia compared to those with diabetes alone.

Diabetic microaneurysm reflectivity patterns on SD-OCT serve as a strong predictor of intravitreal treatment response in diabetic macular edema, with hyperreflective phenotypes achieving significantly higher fluid resolution rates than hyporeflective phenotypes.

The RHONE-X extension study demonstrated that faricimab maintains excellent long-term safety and efficacy for diabetic macular edema over 4 years, with sustained visual gains averaging +10-11 letters and 80% of patients achieving ≥12-week dosing intervals.

Intravitreal aflibercept 8mg at extended dosing intervals (every 12-16 weeks) demonstrated non-inferior visual and anatomic outcomes compared to aflibercept 2mg every 8 weeks in diabetic macular edema patients over 96 weeks, while requiring significantly fewer injections.

This large multiethnic cohort study demonstrates that both genetic risk and lifestyle factors independently influence diabetic retinopathy development, with favorable lifestyle reducing DR risk by 44% even in genetically high-risk patients.

Abstract not available — see full article for details.

Abstract not available — see full article for details.

Abstract not available — see full article for details.

LIGHTSITE III demonstrated that multiwavelength photobiomodulation significantly improved visual acuity (+6.2 letters at 21 months) and reduced progression to geographic atrophy in dry AMD patients compared to sham treatment.

This systematic review and meta-analysis of 8 studies (3.5 million participants) suggests obstructive sleep apnea may be associated with increased AMD risk, though evidence quality ranges from moderate to very low due to study heterogeneity and methodological limitations.

Photodynamic therapy remains highly effective for chronic central serous retinopathy but faces significant reimbursement barriers in the US, leading to delayed treatment and avoidable vision loss despite being the most effective available therapy.

This cross-sectional study of 353 Asian patients with treatment-naïve unilateral neovascular AMD found reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) in 14.4% of patients, with strong associations to thin choroid and type 3 macular neovascularization.

This systematic review and meta-analysis of 1,096 eyes characterizes extensive macular atrophy with pseudodrusen (EMAP) as a progressive retinal disorder affecting middle-aged patients, with poor visual outcomes and a potential association with rheumatic fever in Brazilian populations.

A systematic review of 174 economic evaluation studies for retinal conditions found poor reporting quality with only 63% compliance to CHEERS guidelines, highlighting significant gaps in transparency and stakeholder engagement.

This large UK Biobank study demonstrates that cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is independently associated with increased AMD risk, with highest-stage CKM conferring a 48% increased risk compared to stage 0.

This meta-analysis of 353 eyes found that intravitreal and subretinal injection of tissue plasminogen activator produce comparable long-term visual and anatomical outcomes for submacular hemorrhage treatment, with intravitreal injection showing only a temporary advantage at 3 months.

Robot-assisted subretinal injections using the Mynutia comanipulation system proved feasible and safe in all 20 eyes with submacular hemorrhage, achieving 95% complete subfoveal displacement with significant visual improvement and no device-associated adverse events.

Higher baseline optical density ratio (ODR) of subretinal fluid on OCT significantly predicts persistent central serous chorioretinopathy at 3 months and worse visual outcomes. ODR serves as a cost-effective prognostic biomarker to identify patients at risk for chronic disease at initial presentation.

Researchers identified a novel OCT finding called the 'scolex sign' - a hyperreflective focus on serous PED walls in CSC patients that appears to indicate a resolving stage of disease with favorable outcomes.

This retrospective study of 186 eyes with nAMD demonstrated that automated AI-based fluid analysis can effectively quantify treatment response when switching from bevacizumab to second-line anti-VEGF agents, with early switchers showing better anatomical outcomes than late switchers.

Transmacular pachyvessels beneath polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) lesions significantly predict higher recurrence rates within one year of anti-VEGF treatment, with affected eyes showing 71.4% vs 39.1% recurrence rates.

This study characterizes Type 1 macular neovascularization in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy, finding that these membranes consistently develop within flat irregular pigment epithelium detachments overlying choroidal pachyvessels and exhibit predominantly loose, indistinct morphology on OCT angiography.

The Heidelberg Spectralis 250 kHz ultrahigh-speed OCTA mode reduced acquisition time by 43% compared to the standard 125 kHz mode while maintaining equivalent image quality and diagnostic accuracy in a paired-eye analysis of 58 eyes.

This retrospective study of 147 eyes across the pachychoroid spectrum found that neovascular entities (PNV, ACNV-1) occur in older patients with higher female prevalence and reduced subfoveal choroidal thickness compared to non-neovascular forms.

Perforating scleral vessels (PSVs) play a complex and potentially contradictory role in high myopia complications, with recent studies showing both pathogenic and protective effects in myopic choroidal neovascularization development.

Abstract not available — see full article for details.

High-resolution OCT analysis of 48 eyes with extensive macular atrophy with pseudodrusen (EMAP) revealed basal laminar deposits in 81% of cases, with scalloped variants associated with more advanced RPE degeneration features.

Two pediatric patients with Susac syndrome demonstrated complete reperfusion of occluded retinal arterioles following aggressive immunosuppressive therapy, suggesting that retinal vascular occlusions in this condition may be reversible with prompt treatment.

This systematic review and meta-analysis of 1,016 participants found that ocular manifestations occur in 42% of leukemia patients, with retinal hemorrhages being most common (13-15%) and retinal vein occlusion rare but clinically significant (1.2%).

The Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) cardiovascular risk score strongly predicts future ocular disease incidence, with high-risk patients showing 2-6 fold increased risk for AMD, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, RVO, and hypertensive retinopathy.

A large retrospective cohort study found that patients 55 years and younger with migraine have a 42% increased risk of developing retinal vein occlusion compared to matched controls without migraine.

Bullous peripheral retinoschisis (BPR) occurs in 65.5% of pediatric X-linked retinoschisis patients and serves as a structural biomarker for complications, with larger angles, greater area, and closer foveal proximity strongly predicting vitreous hemorrhage and choroidal neovascularization.

This retrospective study of 199 children with inherited retinal diseases found that nystagmus was the earliest and most common presenting symptom (mean age 1.78 years), with achromatopsia, retinitis pigmentosa, and congenital stationary night blindness being the most frequent diagnoses.

Researchers characterized a newly recognized retinal disorder called persistent diffuse photoreceptor disorganization, affecting young adults with subacute vision loss and showing distinctive OCT findings of blurred ellipsoid zone and absent interdigitation zone despite largely normal fundus appearance.

External validation of proposed ROP screening guideline modifications using a large US database showed that while encounter volume could be reduced by 7.8% without missing treatable cases, high-risk Pacific race/ethnicity infants require more sensitive screening as some treatment-warranted infants reached threshold before recommended gestational ages.

Abstract not available — see full article for details.

This large retrospective cohort study of 27,720 ROP patients found that treated ROP patients have a significantly higher cumulative incidence of strabismus (34.78% at 5 years) compared to untreated patients (22.14%), with esodeviations being the most common type.

Ultra-widefield OCT imaging reveals nasal-temporal asymmetry in ROP vascularization and demonstrates diagnostic bias among clinicians who tend to classify ROP zones based on temporal retina findings despite ICROP guidelines.

A multicenter study of 83 patients with syphilitic posterior uveitis found a borderline significant association between higher VDRL titers and retinitis/choroiditis, and between elevated CD4+ counts and papillitis in HIV-coinfected patients.

In post-HSCT patients with CMV retinitis, immune recovery uveitis (IRU) is more likely to develop in eyes with posterior pole involvement, larger retinal lesions, and shorter interval between transplant and CMV diagnosis, leading to worse visual outcomes.

This systematic review and meta-analysis of 27 European studies (30,471 patients) found anterior uveitis was most common (52.1%), followed by posterior uveitis (18.9%), with non-infectious etiology predominating (44.9%) across tertiary ophthalmology centers.

Pars plana vitrectomy in uveitis patients showed significant visual improvement with 63% of eyes gaining ≥0.3 LogMAR at 6 months and achieved excellent inflammatory control with 96.2% having clear vitreous at 1 month.

A 20-year-old male with tuberculous peritonitis developed choroidal tuberculoma and exudative retinal detachment during anti-tuberculous therapy, demonstrating that ocular tuberculosis can manifest despite appropriate systemic treatment.

A retrospective study of 53 patients with non-neoplastic uveitis masquerade syndromes found that retinal vascular diseases, inherited retinal diseases, and central serous chorioretinopathy were the most common underlying etiologies, with diagnostic delays leading to unnecessary anti-inflammatory treatment in half of patients.

Multimodal imaging enhanced by indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) significantly improves detection of subclinical choroidal inflammation in syphilitic uveitis, identifying the choroid as the primary site of inflammatory involvement with characteristic patterns of hypofluorescence.

Meta-analysis of 3 RCTs demonstrates that adalimumab with methotrexate significantly reduces treatment failure/relapse risk (HR 0.18) in pediatric JIA-associated uveitis while enabling corticosteroid tapering and preserving visual acuity.

Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for substance use disorders was associated with a mild increased risk of posterior non-infectious uveitis compared to SSRIs in real-world settings, but not in patients with low inflammatory risk.

This retrospective study of 1,190 Japanese uveitis patients demonstrates a marked age-dependent shift in etiology, with infectious uveitis being significantly more common in patients ≥65 years (31.3% vs 14.0%) while noninfectious immune-mediated diseases predominate in younger patients.

Authors report a dangerous spike in intraocular pressure following standard-dose intravitreal clindamycin in a neonate and recommend dose modification for pediatric cases.

Ocular hypotony in pediatric uveitis carries a poor prognosis despite aggressive medical and surgical management, with only 39% of eyes showing IOP improvement and 22% progressing to phthisis.

Ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography (UWF-ICGA) revealed peripheral retinochoroidal lesions beyond the vortex veins in 71.4% of uveitis cases, significantly expanding diagnostic capabilities compared to conventional imaging.

Male patients and those using topical corticosteroids were significantly more likely to exhibit recurrent no-show patterns (≥2 missed visits) at a tertiary ocular immunology clinic, suggesting distinct mechanisms for habitual versus sporadic non-attendance.

This national study of 2,911 patients found significant disparities in biologic therapy access for non-infectious uveitis, with uninsured patients having 77% lower odds of receiving treatment compared to insured patients.

This case series describes familial granulomatous uveitis in three Indian family members (mother and two children) suggestive of Blau syndrome, emphasizing diagnostic challenges in tuberculosis-endemic regions and successful management with methotrexate.

In children with presumed trematode-induced granulomatous intermediate uveitis, those presenting with worse visual acuity and severe vitreous inflammation are more likely to require surgical intervention rather than respond to medical management alone.

Adalimumab therapy effectively controls pediatric non-infectious uveitis, with weekly dose escalation providing superior inflammation control and reduced relapse risk in refractory cases without increased adverse events.

This retrospective case-control study of 1468 cases and 490 controls found that low vitamin D levels are associated with 2.7 times higher odds of developing both infectious and non-infectious ocular inflammatory diseases.

This multicenter randomized trial found that adalimumab and tocilizumab showed comparable but modest efficacy in treating active, refractory noninfectious uveitis, while anakinra was ineffective and discontinued early.

This study characterizes the chrysanthemum phenotype of multifocal choroiditis with panuveitis (MFCPU) and describes a novel miliary variant, revealing distinct ultrawidefield imaging patterns and high rates of choroidal neovascularization.

Patients with idiopathic noninfectious uveitis have a nearly 10-fold increased risk of developing glaucoma compared to controls, with highest risk in the first year after diagnosis and in younger patients.

Chorioretinal atrophy in placoid-spectrum disorders continues to expand at 0.09 mm/year even during disease quiescence, occurring more frequently in RPC/SC (83.3%) than APMPPE (20%).

Abstract not available — see full article for details.

A case report describing bilateral visual field deficits due to cerebral toxoplasmosis in a 66-year-old post-allo-HSCT patient who could not receive standard cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, emphasizing the importance of neuro-ophthalmologic examination in immunocompromised patients.

Abstract not available — see full article for details.

A 60-year-old woman presented with bilateral acute outer retinopathy (AOR) characterized by perivenular yellow-grayish lesions and visual field defects, which revealed underlying metastatic small-cell lung carcinoma as a paraneoplastic syndrome.

This case report describes the first detection of interleukin-16 (IL-16) in vitreous fluid from a patient with vitreoretinal lymphoma, suggesting it may serve as a potential adjunct biomarker alongside IL-10 for diagnosis and monitoring treatment response.

A case of vitreoretinal lymphoma presented with bilateral placoid hyperautofluorescent macular lesions mimicking autoimmune retinopathy, diagnosed through CSF analysis when vitreous sampling was negative.

Abstract not available — see full article for details.

Topical interferon alpha-2a demonstrated high efficacy (93% complete response) and good tolerability for treating primary acquired melanosis with atypia, with an average progression-free survival of 4.3 years.

Abstract not available — see full article for details.

Study of 896 French patients with uveal melanoma identified MBD4 germline pathogenic variants in 23 patients, conferring a 31.44-fold increased risk of developing uveal melanoma compared to the general population.

Abstract not available — see full article for details.

Abstract not available — see full article for details.

Three patients developed culture-negative hypertensive anterior uveitis with keratic precipitates 2-5 weeks after intravitreal faricimab injections, which resolved within 3 months after discontinuing faricimab and initiating corticosteroid therapy.

Early pars plana vitrectomy within 24 hours achieved significant visual improvement and 100% anatomical success in 15 cases of delayed-onset endophthalmitis following glaucoma surgery.

This retrospective study of 46 culture-proven Candida endophthalmitis cases reveals distinct clinical profiles: endogenous infections (predominantly C. albicans) show better visual outcomes than exogenous infections (often non-albicans species), despite more aggressive treatment of the latter.

Intraocular 0.025% povidone-iodine infusion during pars plana vitrectomy demonstrated safety and efficacy in treating severe endophthalmitis, achieving 80.4% infection resolution with significant visual acuity improvement.

This systematic review and meta-analysis of 196,113 retrobulbar injections found pooled incidence rates of 0.10% for retrobulbar hemorrhage and 0.23% for brainstem anesthesia, with orbital compression maneuvers potentially reducing hemorrhage risk.